Premature Birth Rate in the United States
The premature birth rate in the United States has increased, according to the non-profit March of Dimes. The organization published its annual report on the health of mothers and infants, which found that the US birth rate last year increased to 10.5%. This represents a 4% increase since 2020 and the worst national rate since March of Dimes began reporting in 2007.
Causes and Disparities
The report highlights significant disparities in premature birth rates, with infants born to black and indigenous mothers being 62% more frequent than those born to white women. Dr. Zsakeba Henderson, Senior Vice President and Interim Chief Medical and Health Officer at March of Dimes, stated that "too many babies are born too early" and that the organization is committed to doing better. She emphasized that the areas with the worst grades are the same areas that have consistently struggled with high premature birth rates, and that it is unacceptable that these disparities persist.
State-by-State Differences
The report highlights state-by-state differences in premature birth rates, with some states performing better than others. Vermont has the lowest premature birth rate in the country, with a rate of 8%, while Mississippi has the highest rate, with 15% of babies born prematurely. The report assigns grades to each state based on their premature birth rates, with grades ranging from A to F.
Factors Contributing to Premature Births
There are many potential factors that contribute to the increasing premature birth rate in the country, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Henderson stated that the pandemic has had a significant impact on premature birth rates, as infection with COVID-19 increases the risk of premature birth. Additionally, the pandemic has highlighted existing problems with access to prenatal care and structural racism.
Global Context
Premature birth is a global problem, with around 10% of births worldwide being premature. The World Health Organization (WHO) has published new guidelines on how nations can improve survival and health outcomes for babies born too early or at low birth weights. The guidelines recommend immediate skin-to-skin contact, also known as kangaroo mother care, for all babies born prematurely, unless they are critically ill.
Recommendations for Improvement
To combat the high premature birth rate in the United States, March of Dimes recommends certain guidelines, including the Black Maternal Health "Momnibus" Act of 2021, a comprehensive bipartisan package of bills to support black mothers before and after birth. The organization also calls for more states to adopt laws expanding access to doulas and midwives and reducing the prevalence of maternity care deserts across the country.
Conclusion
The increasing premature birth rate in the United States is a pressing concern that requires immediate attention. By understanding the causes and disparities surrounding premature births, and by implementing evidence-based solutions, it is possible to improve health outcomes for mothers and babies. As Dr. Henderson emphasized, "every baby deserves to be given the opportunity to survive, thrive, and change" – and it is up to healthcare providers, policymakers, and families to make this vision a reality.
